This test measures the level of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, a protective protein produced by the liver that helps prevent breakdown of lung tissue.
Diagnostic Value: Low AAT levels indicate Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, a genetic disorder that increases the risk of developing emphysema, COPD, or liver disease.
Clinical Significance: Measuring AAT helps identify hereditary causes of chronic lung disease, especially in patients with early-onset respiratory symptoms or family history of COPD. Early detection allows physicians to implement preventive strategies, such as smoking avoidance and targeted therapy.
Symptom Correlation: Patients may experience shortness of breath, chronic cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory infections; in some cases, jaundice or fatigue may signal liver involvement.
Because of its role in protecting lung tissue from enzyme-related damage, Alpha-1 Antitrypsin testing is essential for diagnosing and managing inherited pulmonary and hepatic disorders.