This test measures the percentage of glucose bound to hemoglobin, reflecting average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.
Diagnostic Value: HbA1c is the primary test for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes and prediabetes.
Clinical Significance: Elevated HbA1c indicates poor long-term glucose control and a higher risk of complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease.
Symptom Correlation: Patients may experience fatigue, increased thirst, or frequent urination, though early stages often present without symptoms.
The HbA1c test provides a stable, long-term measure of blood sugar control unaffected by daily fluctuations.